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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
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Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
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Electrically driven lasers from van der Waals heterostructures.

Xun Yang1, Chong-Xin Shan, Pei-Nan Ni

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China. shancx@ciomp.ac.cn shendz@ciomp.ac.cn.

Nanoscale
|May 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first electrically driven Van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) lasers using ZnO microwire/MgO/p-GaN. Silver film coatings enhanced current injection and output power in these novel micro/nano-structure lasers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) are crucial for advanced scientific research and novel device development.
  • While vdWH optoelectronic devices are widely reported, vdWH lasers remain undemonstrated until this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first electrically driven Van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) lasers.
  • To investigate the performance enhancement of vdWH lasers through material modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of vdWH lasers using ZnO microwire/MgO/p-GaN heterostructures.
  • Application of silver (Ag) films on ZnO microwire surfaces to improve electrical and optical properties.
  • Characterization of laser performance, including output power and drive current.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of electrically driven vdWH lasers.
  • Significant improvement in current injection and lasing directionality due to Ag film coating.
  • Achieved output power of 2.41 μW at 14 mA drive current, a high value for ZnO-based lasers.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents the first electrically driven vdWH lasers.
  • Ag film coating effectively enhances the performance of ZnO-based vdWH lasers.
  • The study offers a promising approach for developing electrically pumped lasers from micro/nano-structures.