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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Does the increase in ambient CO2 concentration elevate allergy risks posed by oak pollen?

Kyu Rang Kim1, Jae-Won Oh2, Su-Young Woo3

  • 1Applied Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, 33, Seohobuk-ro, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, 63568, Republic of Korea. krk9@kma.go.kr.

International Journal of Biometeorology
|May 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Elevated carbon dioxide levels significantly increase oak pollen production and allergen content. This finding is crucial for understanding and managing respiratory allergies in a changing climate.

Keywords:
AllergenicityCO2 enrichmentOak pollenOpen-top chamberPollen productionQue a 1

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Allergy Research
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Oak pollen is a significant respiratory allergen in Korea.
  • Ecological changes and climate change are predicted to increase oak tree distribution.
  • Rising CO2 levels are known to increase weed pollen allergenicity, but tree pollen responses are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on pollen production and allergenic protein content in sawtooth oak trees (Quercus acutissima).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized open-top chambers to expose sawtooth oak trees to varying daytime CO2 concentrations (ambient, ~560 ppm, ~720 ppm).
  • Measured total catkin counts, pollen grain number and weight per catkin.
  • Quantified oak allergen (Que a 1) levels using ELISA kits.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 levels (×1.4 and ×1.8) significantly increased total pollen counts per tree by 353% and 1299%, respectively.
  • Allergenic protein content increased by 12% and 11% under ×1.4 and ×1.8 CO2 treatments.
  • Higher CO2 levels led to significant increases in both pollen production and allergenic protein content.

Conclusions:

  • Oak trees exposed to elevated CO2 levels, consistent with future climate projections, produce substantially more pollen and allergenic proteins.
  • These findings highlight the potential for increased respiratory allergy risks due to climate change-induced increases in CO2.