Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
06:56
Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies
Published on: March 2, 2018
10.8K
TEMPO Driven Mild and Modular Route to Functionalized Microparticles
Sumbul Hafeez1, Leonie Barner2,3, Leena Nebhani1
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|May 12, 2018
Summary
This study introduces novel crosslinked polymeric microspheres synthesized using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) initiated thiol-ene polymerization under ambient conditions, enabling versatile functionalization.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Organic Synthesis
Background:
- Thiol-ene click chemistry offers efficient conjugation pathways.
- Controlled polymerization techniques are crucial for microsphere synthesis.
- Nitroxide-mediated polymerization provides a route for controlled radical reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first synthesis of crosslinked polymeric microspheres using TEMPO-initiated thiol-ene dispersion polymerization.
- To validate the initiating capability of TEMPO in thiol-ene reactions.
- To demonstrate the functionalization potential of the synthesized microspheres.
Main Methods:
- TEMPO-initiated thiol-ene dispersion polymerization under ambient conditions.
- Validation using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
- Characterization via scanning electron microscopy, DSC, FTIR, zeta potential, and XPS.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of crosslinked polymeric microspheres (3.8-15.0 µm) with morphological stability.
- Demonstrated TEMPO's initiating ability for thiol-ene reactions, achieving up to 90% thioether formation.
- Confirmed the microspheres' capacity for secondary TEMPO-initiated thiol-ene reactions for surface functionalization.
Conclusions:
- TEMPO is an effective initiator for thiol-ene dispersion polymerization under ambient conditions.
- The synthesized microspheres possess excellent stability and tunable functionality.
- This method provides a versatile platform for creating functionalized polymeric materials.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Routes of Persuasion
68.8K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
68.8K
01:25Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral
3.0K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
3.0K
01:22Routes of Drug Administration: Overview
9.7K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
9.7K
01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
1.9K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.9K
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
1.8K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.8K
01:18Additional Routes of Drug Administration
5.0K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
5.0K