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Moonlighting Activity of Secreted Inflammation-Regulatory Proteins
Joo Heon Yoon1, Junsun Ryu2, Seung Joon Baek3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract:
Moonlighting proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular compartments, and their abnormal regulation could play an important role in many diseases. To date, many proteins have been identified with moonlighting activity, and more such proteins are being gradually identified. Among the proteins that possess moonlighting activity, several secreted proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular locations, such as the extracellular matrix, nucleus, and cytoplasm. While acute inflammation starts rapidly and generally disappears in a few days, chronic inflammation can last for months or years. This is generally because of the failure to eliminate the cause of inflammation, along with repeated exposure to the inflammatory agent. Chronic inflammation is now considered as an overwhelming burden to the general wellbeing of patients and noted as an underlying cause of several diseases. Moonlighting proteins can contribute to the process of chronic inflammation; therefore, it is imperative to overview some proteins that exhibit multiple functions in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will focus on inflammation, particularly unravelling several well-known secreted proteins with multiple functions in different cellular locations.
Insights
Moonlighting proteins have multiple functions and locations, impacting diseases. This review explores secreted moonlighting proteins involved in chronic inflammation and their roles in various cellular compartments.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Moonlighting proteins perform diverse functions across cellular compartments, with dysregulation linked to various diseases.
- Secreted moonlighting proteins exhibit multifunctionality in extracellular matrix, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
- Chronic inflammation, a prolonged response to persistent stimuli, contributes significantly to disease pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of moonlighting proteins in chronic inflammation.
- To highlight secreted moonlighting proteins with multiple functions in inflammatory diseases.
- To elucidate the involvement of these proteins in different cellular locations during inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus).
- Analysis of studies focusing on moonlighting proteins and inflammatory diseases.
- Identification and categorization of secreted moonlighting proteins based on their cellular locations and functions.
Main Results:
- Several secreted proteins function as moonlighters, contributing to chronic inflammation.
- These proteins exert diverse activities in the extracellular matrix, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
- Abnormal regulation of these moonlighting proteins is implicated in the progression of inflammatory diseases.
Conclusions:
- Moonlighting proteins are critical players in the complex processes of chronic inflammation.
- Understanding their multifaceted roles in different cellular compartments is essential for therapeutic strategies.
- Further research into secreted moonlighting proteins may reveal novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions.
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