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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

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Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase...
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Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

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β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Visual Subfield Progression in Glaucoma Subtypes.

Wei-Wen Su1, Shian-Sen Hsieh2, Shih-Tsung Cheng3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peak intraocular pressure and long-term fluctuations significantly impact visual field progression in glaucoma patients, with variations across different visual field zones. Understanding these factors aids in managing glaucoma progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Visual Field Analysis

Background:

  • Glaucoma encompasses primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG).
  • Visual field progression is a key indicator of glaucoma severity and impact on vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visual field progression patterns in POAG, NTG, and CACG.
  • To identify factors associated with visual field progression in these glaucoma subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pointwise linear regression (PLR) analysis on Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 data from patients with confirmed visual field progression.
  • Evaluated the rate of change in retinal threshold sensitivity across Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT) zones, hemifields, and the whole field.
  • Correlated visual field changes with demographic data and intraocular pressure (IOP) metrics.

Main Results:

  • Visual field progression rate correlated with peak posttreatment IOP and long-term IOP fluctuations in most GHT zones.
  • No correlation found between baseline IOP, trough posttreatment IOP, refractive status, or central corneal thickness (CCT) and visual field progression.
  • Subfield differences in the correlation between IOP metrics and visual field progression were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Peak posttreatment IOP and long-term IOP fluctuations are significant predictors of visual field progression in glaucoma.
  • The relationship between IOP and visual field progression varies across different subfields of the visual field.
  • These findings highlight the importance of managing IOP peaks and fluctuations for glaucoma control.