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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

2.6K
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

4.0K
The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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Optical Electrophysiology in the Developing Heart.

Kandace Thomas1, Julie Goudy2, Trevor Henley3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. kandacet@email.unc.edu.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|May 13, 2018
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Advancements in live imaging reveal real-time cardiac development. This technology helps understand congenital heart defects and guides regenerative medicine for heart conditions.

Keywords:
cardiac conduction systemcardiac developmentoptical mappingphysiological imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Cardiology

Background:

  • The heart forms early in embryonic development, with cardiomyocytes differentiating to create a functional pump.
  • Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defects, highlighting the need to understand heart development.
  • Investigating genetic impacts on individual cell function during heart development has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging approaches for assessing cardiac development.
  • To describe reagents and tools for live imaging of the developing heart.
  • To discuss how modern imaging and physiological probes enable multi-scale analysis from subcellular to whole-organ levels.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of cardiac development imaging techniques.
  • Description of reagents and instrumentation for high-speed live imaging.
  • Integration of modern imaging modalities with physiological probes.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution, comprehensive models of cardiac physiological maturation are becoming feasible.
  • Live imaging allows direct, real-time examination of cardiac physiological development.
  • Subcellular to whole-organ analysis is achievable through combined imaging and probe technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Modern molecular biology and imaging approaches offer novel ways to study cardiomyocyte maturation.
  • Insights gained can elucidate the etiology of congenital heart defects.
  • This research can inform stem cell and regenerative medicine protocols for clinical applications.