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Apocarotenoids: Emerging Roles in Mammals
Earl H Harrison1, Loredana Quadro2
1Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
Annual Review of Nutrition
|May 13, 2018
Summary
Apocarotenoids, derived from plant carotenoids, are formed in mammals. Nonretinoid apocarotenoids regulate cellular functions and impact mammalian health.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Carotenoids are C40 isoprenoid pigments synthesized by plants and microorganisms.
- Mammals obtain carotenoids from dietary sources, as they cannot synthesize them.
- Apocarotenoids are cleavage products of carotenoids, formed both in plants and mammals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the generation and biological activities of nonretinoid apocarotenoids in mammals.
- To highlight the emerging understanding of nonretinoid apocarotenoids beyond vitamin A.
- To discuss their potential roles in regulating cellular functions and mammalian health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles on apocarotenoids.
- Analysis of studies detailing carotenoid metabolism in mammals.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on nonretinoid apocarotenoid generation and function.
Main Results:
- Apocarotenoids are generated via enzymatic and nonenzymatic cleavage of carotenoids.
- Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) are the best-characterized apocarotenoids.
- Nonretinoid apocarotenoids exhibit diverse biological activities influencing cellular functions.
Conclusions:
- Nonretinoid apocarotenoids play significant roles in mammalian health.
- Further research into nonretinoid apocarotenoids is warranted.
- Understanding apocarotenoid metabolism offers insights into nutrition and disease prevention.
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