Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Populations and Communities?00:30

What are Populations and Communities?

38.0K
Overview
38.0K
What is a Mode?01:07

What is a Mode?

26.5K
The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
26.5K
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.8K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
16.8K
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

76.0K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
76.0K
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

1.6K
Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
1.6K
VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes02:52

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

85.4K
Overview of VSEPR Theory
85.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Environmental factors associated with nesting habits and age shape the composition and connection between skin and uropygial gland microbiomes of birds.

The Journal of animal ecology·2026
Same author

Chimpanzee army ant consumption strategies show no habitat-specific pattern.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Microbial Cross-Talk: Unlocking the Cytochalasin Diversity from a Termite-Associated <i>Xylaria</i>.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Host and microbial defenses against fungal invaders in a fungus-farming termite.

Insect science·2025
Same author

Moss-Accumulated eDNA Is a Promising Source for Terrestrial Biodiversity Surveys Across the Tree of Life and Biomes.

Molecular ecology resources·2025
Same author

Tundrisphaera macrotermitis sp. nov., a novel member of the family Isosphaeraceae isolated from the gut of a fungus-growing termite.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview
21:02

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

11.2K

Mixed-Mode Transmission Shapes Termite Gut Community Assemblies.

Rafael R da Costa1, Michael Poulsen1

  • 1Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark.

Trends in Microbiology
|May 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Investigating microbial symbiont evolution requires tracking individual bacterial lineages. This study reveals how focusing on community-level changes can obscure the evolutionary paths of specific microbes within host-associated microbial communities.

Keywords:
amplicon sequencingevolutiongut bacteriarRNA metabarcodingsymbiosistransmission

More Related Videos

Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes
15:27

Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes

Published on: May 28, 2007

16.0K
Testing Protozoacidal Activity of Ligand-lytic Peptides Against Termite Gut Protozoa in vitro Protozoa Culture and in vivo Microinjection into Termite Hindgut
17:36

Testing Protozoacidal Activity of Ligand-lytic Peptides Against Termite Gut Protozoa in vitro Protozoa Culture and in vivo Microinjection into Termite Hindgut

Published on: December 29, 2010

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview
21:02

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

11.2K
Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes
15:27

Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes

Published on: May 28, 2007

16.0K
Testing Protozoacidal Activity of Ligand-lytic Peptides Against Termite Gut Protozoa in vitro Protozoa Culture and in vivo Microinjection into Termite Hindgut
17:36

Testing Protozoacidal Activity of Ligand-lytic Peptides Against Termite Gut Protozoa in vitro Protozoa Culture and in vivo Microinjection into Termite Hindgut

Published on: December 29, 2010

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Symbiosis Research

Background:

  • Understanding microbial symbiont community assembly over evolutionary time is complex.
  • Current methods often compare communities within and between host species, linking them to host ecology and evolution.
  • This approach can obscure the evolutionary trajectories of individual bacterial lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current methods in microbial symbiont research.
  • To emphasize the need to analyze the evolutionary histories of individual bacterial lineages.
  • To propose a more nuanced approach to studying microbial symbiont evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of microbial community structures.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction of bacterial lineages.
  • Integration of host-specific and lineage-specific evolutionary data.

Main Results:

  • Community-level analyses can mask distinct evolutionary patterns of individual symbionts.
  • Host ecology and evolution do not always directly predict the evolutionary path of every symbiont lineage.
  • Specific bacterial lineages may exhibit unique evolutionary dynamics irrespective of overall community shifts.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of microbial symbiont evolution necessitates a lineage-focused approach.
  • Future research should prioritize tracing the evolutionary histories of individual bacterial symbionts.
  • This lineage-based perspective is crucial for a comprehensive view of host-microbe co-evolution.