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Polypharmacy Among Headache Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Anna Ferrari1, Carlo Baraldi2, Manuela Licata3

  • 1Unit of Medical Toxicology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124, Modena, Italy. anna.ferrari@unimore.it.

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Summary

Polypharmacy is common in primary headache patients, with over 40% using multiple medications. This high medication burden, especially in chronic headache sufferers, necessitates frequent review to mitigate risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Polypharmacy, while beneficial for multiple chronic conditions, poses significant harm risks.
  • Information on polypharmacy in primary headaches is scarce, despite medication being a primary treatment modality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of polypharmacy in primary headache patients.
  • To compare polypharmacy variables between episodic and chronic headache patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of polypharmacy (≥5 medications), medication types, comorbidities, and risk factors in 300 primary headache patients.
  • Patients were categorized into episodic and chronic headache groups.

Main Results:

  • 40.7% of patients experienced polypharmacy, rising to 58.8% in chronic headache patients.
  • Comorbidities, prophylactic treatment, and triptan use were significantly associated with polypharmacy.
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were common for acute treatment, while antidepressants were frequently used for prophylaxis.

Conclusions:

  • Primary headache patients, including young adults, exhibit high polypharmacy rates comparable to the elderly.
  • The frequent co-administration of multiple medications in headache patients warrants regular clinical review due to increased adverse reaction risks.