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Experience during development triggers between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity.

Tamás János Urszán1, László Zsolt Garamszegi2,3, Gergely Nagy1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life predator exposure shapes animal personality and behavioral plasticity. Experience with predation during development influences how tadpoles respond to new threats, impacting individual variation in behavior.

Keywords:
Rana dalmatinaanimal personalitybehavioural plasticitypredationtadpole

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral ecology
  • Developmental biology
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Animal personality and behavioral syndromes are well-studied, but the mechanisms behind individual differences in behavioral plasticity are unclear.
  • Previous research suggests environmental stimuli during development are crucial for animal personality.
  • It remains unknown if individual variation in behavioral plasticity is innate or environmentally induced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early-life predation experience influences predator-induced behavioral plasticity in tadpoles.
  • To determine if between-individual variation in behavioral plasticity is hard-wired or induced by environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • A common garden experiment was conducted with Rana dalmatina tadpoles.
  • Two ontogenetic treatments were used: development with or without olfactory predator stimuli.
  • Tadpoles were repeatedly assayed for activity and risk-taking in the presence and absence of predator cues.

Main Results:

  • Between-individual variation in predator-induced behavioral plasticity emerged only in tadpoles that developed with predator cues.
  • Prior predation experience led to a lower plastic response at the group level, driven by increased between-individual variation.
  • Predation experience enhanced the predictability and repeatability of activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • Ecologically relevant environmental stimuli during development are fundamental for the emergence of individual variation in behavioral plasticity.
  • Experience plays a central role in shaping behavioral variation at multiple levels, including personality and plasticity.
  • Early life environmental conditions significantly impact the development of adaptive behavioral responses in animals.