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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Published on: September 20, 2012
One-year operation of 1000-L modularized microbial fuel cell for municipal wastewater treatment
Peng Liang1, Rui Duan1, Yong Jiang1
1State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Abstract:
This study constructed a 1000 L modularized MFC system, the largest volume so far, to treat practical municipal wastewater. This MFC system was operated under two different water flow connections in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP) for more than one year to test their treating abilities for wastewater with both low (average 80 mg L-1) and high initial COD concentration (average 250 mg L-1). The COD concentration in the effluent from the MFC system remained below 50 mg L-1 with a removal rate of 70-90%, which stably met the level A of the first class in discharge standard of pollutants for MWTP of China. A maximum power density of 125 W m-3 (7.58 W m-2) was generated when the MFC system was fed with artificial wastewater, while it lay in a range of 7-60 W m-3 (0.42-3.64 W m-2) when treating municipal wastewater. The energy recovery of 0.033 ± 0.005 kWh per m3 of municipal wastewater was achieved, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 h.
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A vector multiplied by a scalar value is called scalar multiplication. The result obtained is a new vector with a different magnitude. If the scalar is positive, the direction of the vector remains the same, but if it is negative, the direction of the vector is reversed. For example, the product of the mass and velocity yields the momentum.