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Nonlinear analyses of heart rate variability in hypertension
B K Koichubekov1, M A Sorokina1, Y M Laryushina1
1Karaganda State Medical University, Gogol street 40, 100008 Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
Insights
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis reveals that hypertension patients exhibit more regular heart rhythms with less complex dynamics compared to healthy individuals. Nonlinear HRV indices can help identify hypertension-related cardiovascular changes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Autonomic Nervous System Research
- Biomedical Signal Processing
Background:
- The autonomic nervous system is crucial for regulating blood pressure and hypertension development.
- Heart rate variability (HRV) may identify individuals at higher risk for hypertension.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comparative analysis of HRV in normal and hypertension subjects using nonlinear indices.
- To investigate the complexity and dynamics of heart rhythm in hypertensive patients.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 5-minute ECG recordings from 24 essential hypertension patients (45-55 years) and 32 healthy controls.
- Calculation of nonlinear HRV indices: D2, K2, and lagged Poincaré plot indices (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 ratio).
Main Results:
- Hypertension patients showed statistically significant lower values for D2 and K2 compared to healthy controls.
- Healthy volunteers had significantly higher SD1 and SD2 Poincaré plot indices across all lags (P<0.05).
- The SD1/SD2 ratio was higher in healthy subjects, with statistical significance at lags l=5 and 6.
Conclusions:
- Hypertensive individuals exhibit more regular heart rhythms with reduced complexity and "chaotic" dynamics.
- Lower entropy and correlation dimension values characterize the heart rhythm in hypertension.
- Heart rate stabilization in hypertensive patients occurs over short and long intervals, primarily due to reduced R-R interval variations.
Objective:
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and in the development of hypertension. Heart rate variability (HRV) may be of importance in identifying subjects at higher risk of developing hypertension. In the present study, comparative analysis of HRV for normal and hypertension subjects using nonlinear indices has been carried out.
Patients And Methods:
We analyzed the data from 24 patients with essential hypertension aged 45-55 (HG). All the subjects in this group had a confirmed diagnosis of the first- or second-stage essential hypertension. The control group for these subjects included 32 healthy volunteers of the same age group (CG). We analyzed the whole 5minutes of the ECG recording. Nonlinear indices D2, K2 and lagged Poincaré plot indices were calculated.
Results:
Values of D2 and K2 in hypertension state is statistically significantly lower than in healthy. Poincaré plot indices SD1 and SD2 in healthy volunteers are statistically higher than in hypertensive patients for all lags (P<0,05). SD1/SD2 ratio is also higher in healthy subjects, but the difference is statistically significant only for l=5 and 6.
Conclusion:
The heart rhythm in groups with hypertension is more regular, its dynamics are less complex and less "chaotic," compared to healthy ones. This is expressed in lower values of entropy and correlation dimension. The HR stabilization is observed at both short and long time intervals, but mainly due to the decrease in the difference of the "neighboring" R-R intervals.
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