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The microbiome in preterm birth.

Derrick M Chu1, Maxim Seferovic2, Ryan M Pace2

  • 1Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

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|May 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, including vaginal and gut bacteria, is being studied for its role in preterm birth. Current research has not yet identified specific microbes linked to preterm birth, highlighting the need for more understanding of a healthy microbiome during pregnancy.

Keywords:
Cervical microbiomeLactobacillusOral microbiomePlacental microbiomePreterm birthVaginal microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pregnancy health
  • Preterm birth etiology

Background:

  • The human microbiome is increasingly recognized for its potential role in pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth.
  • Metagenomic sequencing has advanced the study of commensal bacteria in various body sites.
  • While the vaginal microbiome is well-studied, research is expanding to gut, cervical-vaginal, placental, and oral microbiomes to find preterm birth causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between the human microbiome and preterm birth.
  • To investigate the role of various body site microbiomes (vaginal, gut, oral, etc.) in pregnancy health and preterm birth.
  • To underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the 'healthy' microbiome in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic sequencing approaches are utilized to study the human microbiome.
  • Comparative analysis of microbial communities across different body sites in pregnant individuals.
  • Review of current literature on microbiome composition and its relation to pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No specific microbiome community or microorganism has been reliably associated with preterm birth to date.
  • Significant variability exists in the 'normal' microbiome composition among healthy individuals.
  • The precise mechanisms by which the microbiome influences pregnancy health or preterm birth remain unclear.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the healthy microbiome is crucial before clinical applications can be developed.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate how microbial communities impact pregnancy to either promote health or increase preterm birth risk.
  • Identifying specific microbial biomarkers for preterm birth requires addressing the wide inter-individual variations in the microbiome.