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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Exosomes Function in Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Yin Huang1, Keli Liu1, Qing Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes play a dual role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing immune responses and cancer progression. Harnessing exosomes therapeutically offers promising strategies for cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Adaptive immune responsesExosomeInnate immune responsesMesenchymal stem/stromal cellsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tumor microenvironment comprises immune and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells that migrate to tumors.
  • These cells, along with stromal cells, facilitate malignant cell progression.
  • Exosomes mediate crucial crosstalk between tumor cells and the microenvironment, influencing immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of exosomes in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes in cancer treatment and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exosome function in tumor immunology.
  • Analysis of exosome-mediated communication in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Discussion of exosome-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cell-derived exosomes can promote pro-tumor immune responses.
  • Immune cell-derived exosomes can inhibit tumor cell growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance.
  • Exosomes demonstrate significant therapeutic effects when engineered as delivery vehicles for anti-tumor agents.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are key regulators of the tumor immune microenvironment with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Targeting exosomes presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies and clinical interventions.