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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.
Published on: January 27, 2015
Spontaneous direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula secondary to a persistent primitive trigeminal artery treated by
Andrew Imrie1, Kendal Redmond1, David Leggett1
1Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia.
Abstract:
A healthy 51-year-old female presented with a spontaneous direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula associated with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery. She had no history of connective tissue or cerebrovascular disorders or significant head trauma. This is a rare lesion with only 18 previously reported cases. It had similar clinical presentation and imaging appearance to a high-flow direct carotid-cavernous fistula and was uncovered after successful trans-venous coil embolisation of the fistula. It therefore needs to be considered in cases of direct carotid-cavernous fistula without history of trauma. Knowledge of types of persistent primitive trigeminal artery is also important for their critical treatment implications.
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