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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
Published on: March 20, 2020
Case with triple-negative breast cancer shows overexpression of both cFOS and TGF-β1 in node-positive tissue
Vesna Ivanović1, Nasta Dedović-Tanić1, Zorka Milovanović2
1Department for Radiobiology & Molecular Genetics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'Vinča', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Abstract:
We present herein a case report style article on a rare advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient with 6-month disease-free interval, and 10-month overall survival. Our results demonstrate that the poor clinical outcome of this patient was associated with pronounced, more than fivefold higher, overexpression of both cFOS and TGF-β1 proteins in its metastatic nodal tissue extracts, when compared with the values of the two non-TNBC controls (with 'zero' disease-free interval and overall survival). This original observation suggests, for the first time, that both the cFOS and TGF-β1 may be considered as a pair of biomarkers for an early assessment of poor prognosis for TNBC patients. The possible clinical implication of this observation is discussed.
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