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Multiple mortality events in bats: a global review.

Thomas J O'Shea1, Paul M Cryan1, David T S Hayman2

  • 1Fort Collins Science Center, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 USA.

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Multiple bat mortality events (MMEs) have shifted from human killing to wind turbines and white-nose syndrome since 2000. Over half of MMEs are human-caused, with climate change posing future risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Wildlife Health

Background:

  • Bat mortality factors have not been comprehensively reviewed since 1970, despite growing conservation concerns.
  • Multiple mortality events (MMEs) in bats represent a significant, yet understudied, aspect of bat population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe global trends in the occurrence and causes of multiple mortality events (MMEs) in bats.
  • To identify shifts in MME causes over time and assess the impact of anthropogenic factors and emerging threats.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a global database of 1180 MMEs (≥10 bats dead/location/year).
  • Categorized MMEs into nine distinct causes.
  • Analyzed temporal trends and geographic distribution of MME causes.

Main Results:

  • Prior to 2000, intentional human killing was the primary cause of MMEs globally.
  • Since 2000, wind turbine collisions and white-nose syndrome have become leading causes of MMEs.
  • Over 50% of all reported MMEs are anthropogenic; climate change is predicted to increase abiotic MMEs.

Conclusions:

  • Bat mortality patterns have significantly shifted due to anthropogenic factors like wind energy and disease.
  • Conservation strategies must address emerging threats and the cumulative impacts of habitat loss and MMEs.
  • Future bat population viability is threatened by increasing MMEs, compounded by climate change and habitat degradation.