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Emerging Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance and Millennium Development Goals: Resolving the Challenges

G V Asokan1, R K Kasimanickam2

  • 1Public Health Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain.

Central Asian Journal of Global Health
|May 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Emerging infectious diseases, often zoonoses, threaten global health and Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major challenge, requiring intersectoral "One Health" approaches to combat resistance in zoonotic diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), primarily zoonoses, significantly impede progress towards Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, exacerbated by drug-resistant pathogens and a shrinking therapeutic arsenal.
  • Specific concerns include hospital-acquired infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and rising New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) prevalence in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of zoonotic EIDs and AMR on achieving MDGs.
  • To underscore the challenges in antibiotic development and regulatory approval.
  • To advocate for intersectoral collaboration under the "One Health" framework to combat AMR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current trends in emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of the impact of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry on human health and the environment.
  • Examination of the antibiotic development pipeline and regulatory success rates.

Main Results:

  • Five of eight MDGs are strongly linked to EIDs.
  • Antimicrobial use in livestock for growth promotion and prophylaxis contributes significantly to AMR and environmental contamination.
  • Antibiotic development faces a lengthy approval process (7.2 years) with low clinical success rates (16%).

Conclusions:

  • Addressing AMR requires integrated, interdisciplinary strategies involving medical, veterinary, and environmental sectors.
  • The "One Health" approach is essential for controlling antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic EIDs and achieving global health targets.
  • Urgent action is needed to overcome the global health crisis posed by antibiotic resistance.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceEmerging infectious diseasesMillennium development goalsOne healthZoonoses

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