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Related Concept Videos

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Translation01:31

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Related Experiment Video

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Detection of Protein S-Acylation using Acyl-Resin Assisted Capture
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A Designed Enzyme Promotes Selective Post-translational Acylation.

Pallavi M Gosavi1, Megha Jayachandran1, Joel J L Rempillo1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|May 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel catalyst, calmodulin M144H, enables precise acylation of peptides. This tool aids in identifying calmodulin

Keywords:
acyl transferallosterycalmodulinpost-translational modificationsprotein design

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Calmodulin (CaM) is a crucial calcium-binding protein regulating numerous cellular processes.
  • Identifying CaM's binding partners and understanding their interactions is vital for deciphering cellular signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, engineered catalyst based on calmodulin for site-selective post-translational modifications.
  • To create a chemical biology tool for identifying calmodulin's binding partners and elucidating interaction mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Computational design and single-residue substitution (M144H) to create an allosterically regulated calmodulin catalyst.
  • Application of the engineered catalyst for site-selective acylation of lysine residues in diverse peptide sequences.

Main Results:

  • The engineered CaM M144H catalyst demonstrates efficient and site-selective post-translational acylation of lysines.
  • The catalyst functions effectively across peptides with highly diverse amino acid sequences.
  • The tool facilitates the identification of novel calmodulin binding partners.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered calmodulin (CaM M144H) serves as a powerful, allosterically regulated catalyst for chemical biology applications.
  • This engineered protein offers a new method for identifying calmodulin binding partners and gaining structural insights into their interactions.