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Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia among preterm infants receiving aggressive parenteral nutrition

Pablo H Brener Dik1, María F Galletti2, Leticia T Bacigalupo2

  • 1Departamento de Pediatría, Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. pablo.brener@hospitalitaliano.org.ar.

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|May 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Aggressive parenteral nutrition in preterm infants significantly increases the risk of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Close monitoring of calcium and phosphate levels is crucial for these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Aggressive parenteral nutrition is standard for very-low-birth weight preterm infants.
  • Recent studies question its impact on short-term outcomes.
  • The study investigates electrolyte imbalances associated with aggressive nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
  • To evaluate the association between aggressive parenteral nutrition and these electrolyte disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of preterm infants (<1250g).
  • Comparison between aggressive and standard parenteral nutrition groups.
  • Statistical analysis including confounder adjustment and linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Higher prevalence of hypercalcemia (87.5% vs 35%) in the aggressive nutrition group.
  • Aggressive parenteral nutrition strongly associated with hypercalcemia (aOR: 21.8).
  • Increased prevalence of hypophosphatemia (90%) and lower mean phosphate levels in the aggressive group.

Conclusions:

  • Aggressive parenteral nutrition is linked to hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in preterm infants.
  • Frequent monitoring of calcium and phosphate is recommended.
  • These electrolyte imbalances may correlate with adverse clinical outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
hypercalcemiahypophosphatemiaparenteral nutritionpreterm infant

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