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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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An Evidence-Based Objection to Retributive Justice.

Brian T M Mammarella

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    |May 15, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Advances in neuroscience reveal behaviors have mechanistic causes, questioning free will and responsibility. This research suggests diminishing belief in agency will erode criminal law

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Law and Ethics
    • Social Psychology

    Background:

    • Scientific advancements increasingly link human behaviors to mechanistic causes.
    • This challenges traditional notions of free will, agency, and moral responsibility.
    • Scholars debate the implications for criminal law and retributive justice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the practical implications of shifting societal perceptions of human agency.
    • To examine how emerging scientific understanding of behavior influences attributions of blame.
    • To assess the potential impact on the moral credibility and effectiveness of criminal law.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of empirical research on public perception of human agency.
    • Analysis of the relationship between scientific understanding of behavior and societal intuitions.

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  • Theoretical examination of the consequences for criminal law.

    • Main Results:

    • Laypeople are becoming less willing to attribute blame as scientific explanations for behavior become more reductionistic.
    • Shifting societal intuitions about agency can diminish the moral credibility of criminal law.
    • These effects may occur regardless of whether individuals believe in free will.

    Conclusions:

    • The erosion of moral credibility in criminal law could lead to decreased compliance and increased deviance.
    • Reform is needed to address the practical consequences of evolving conceptions of human agency.
    • The argument focuses on the societal impact of perceived agency, not its ontological reality.