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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching01:22

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Both alkyne (C≡C) and nitrile (C≡N) functional groups contain triple bonds and show stretching absorptions around the wavenumber range of 2100 to 2300 cm−1 in the diagnostic region of the IR spectra.
Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of  C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond...
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IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching01:29

IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching

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Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
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Calculation of Volume of Solids by Integration01:27

Calculation of Volume of Solids by Integration

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Volume calculation often begins with simple geometric solids. For example, the volume of a rectangular box is obtained by multiplying the area of its base by its height. This straightforward approach relies on the fact that the cross-sectional area of the box remains constant throughout its length. Many real-world objects, however, do not have uniform cross-sections, and their volumes cannot be determined using elementary geometric formulas.To address this limitation, the Slicing Method...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
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Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
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Frequency-Swept Integrated and Stretched Solid Effect Dynamic Nuclear Polarization.

T V Can, J E McKay1, R T Weber2

  • 1National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a new time-domain dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method, frequency-swept integrated solid effect (FS-ISE), achieving significant signal enhancements. This approach shows promise for higher magnetic field applications in DNP studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances nuclear spin polarization.
  • The integrated solid effect (ISE) and stretched solid effect (S²E) are key DNP mechanisms.
  • High-frequency EPR is crucial for advanced DNP techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel time-domain DNP approach: frequency-swept integrated solid effect (FS-ISE).
  • To evaluate the performance of FS-ISE and S²E at 94 GHz (3.35 T).
  • To assess the potential of these methods for higher magnetic field applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-power, broadband 94 GHz pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrometer.
  • Employed frequency-swept microwave pulses to measure the DNP Zeeman frequency/field profile.
  • Analyzed polarization mechanisms including ISE and S²E.

Main Results:

  • Observed signal enhancements up to ~70 for S²E and ~50 for ISE at 94 GHz.
  • Demonstrated the viability of FS-ISE and S²E DNP at a frequency 10 times higher than prior studies.
  • Identified both ISE and the recently observed S²E as dominant polarization mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The FS-ISE method is a viable time-domain DNP technique.
  • S²E is a significant polarization mechanism at 94 GHz.
  • These DNP approaches are suitable for implementation at higher magnetic fields.