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Related Concept Videos

Applications of Integration to Find Hydrostatic Pressure01:30

Applications of Integration to Find Hydrostatic Pressure

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Hydrostatic force is a fluid's total force at rest on a surface. For a horizontal surface submerged at a fixed depth, the pressure is constant and calculated as the product of fluid density, gravitational acceleration, and depth. In the case of a vertical dam wall submerged in water, this force is not evenly distributed due to the increasing pressure with depth. This variation arises from the cumulative weight of the water above each point. Integration is used to account for the continuous...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Linear Hyperfine Tuning of Donor Spins in Silicon Using Hydrostatic Strain.

J Mansir1, P Conti1, Z Zeng2

  • 1London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|May 15, 2018
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Summary

We discovered that mechanical strain linearly shifts silicon donor spins, contrary to predictions. This strong spin-strain coupling enables precise tuning for quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum computing materials

Background:

  • Silicon-based quantum processors utilize donor spins.
  • Understanding spin-strain coupling is crucial for device control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the coupling between group V donor spins in silicon and mechanical strain.
  • Characterize strain-induced frequency shifts and their underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of spin-strain coupling.
  • Tight-binding and first-principles calculations.
  • Analysis of hydrostatic strain effects on hyperfine interactions.

Main Results:

  • Observed linear strain-induced frequency shifts, differing from the valley repopulation model (VRM).
  • Shifts are orders of magnitude larger than VRM predictions for small strains.
  • Identified linear tuning of hyperfine interaction by hydrostatic strain.

Conclusions:

  • Strain directly tunes donor spin properties in silicon.
  • Developed a framework for predicting donor spin behavior in silicon nanostructures.
  • Demonstrated strong spin-strain coupling for precise spin tuning and mechanical resonator coupling.