Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
The Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance Is Confounded by a Global Increase in Antibiotic Usage
1Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global health. Despite numerous initiatives designed to curb excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, a recent report ( Klein et al. ( 2018 ) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 115 , E3463 ) finds that there was a substantial increase in global antibiotic consumption by humans from 2000 to 2015 and predicts a further 200% increase by 2030. Alarmingly, much of this growth is occurring in "last-resort" antibiotics. The study excludes the extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture. This Viewpoint examines the report's findings and discusses them in the context of other recent developments in antimicrobial resistance.
Related Concept Videos
Development of Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Selection
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies
Global Climate Change
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

