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The effect of hypoxia and flow decrease in macroinvertebrate functional responses: A trait-based approach to

A R Calapez1, S R Q Serra2, J M Santos3

  • 1LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

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Mediterranean streams face multiple stressors. Reduced flow and oxygen depletion alter macroinvertebrate traits, impacting ecosystem functions and biodiversity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Freshwater Biology

Background:

  • River ecosystems frequently experience multiple anthropogenic stressors simultaneously.
  • Mediterranean streams are particularly vulnerable to water scarcity and organic pollution, leading to reduced flow and dissolved oxygen.
  • These combined stressors can significantly impact aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the single and combined effects of water scarcity (flow reduction) and dissolved oxygen depletion on drifting macroinvertebrates.
  • To assess alterations in biological traits of macroinvertebrates under these stress conditions.
  • To understand the implications of trait shifts for ecosystem functions in stream environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a channel mesocosm system to simulate reduced flow and dissolved oxygen depletion.
  • Employed a multiple trait-based approach to analyze macroinvertebrate community responses.
  • Investigated changes in biological traits related to respiration and dispersal.

Main Results:

  • Both individual stressors (flow reduction, oxygen depletion) and their combination caused shifts in macroinvertebrate community traits.
  • Respiration and dispersal traits showed the most significant responses.
  • Flow reduction favored gill breathers and reduced tegument-breathers; combined stressors impacted dispersal and increased swimmers.

Conclusions:

  • Flow reduction alone filters out gill breathers and egg producers.
  • The combination of reduced flow and oxygen depletion more drastically affects organism dispersal and swimmers.
  • Altered biological traits can lead to changes in ecosystem functions like biomass, production, metabolism, and biodiversity patterns.