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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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Solvent coarsening around colloids driven by temperature gradients.

Sutapa Roy1,2, Siegfried Dietrich1,2, Anna Maciolek3

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|May 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal particle behavior in binary liquid mixtures is explored. Solvent structure coarsening depends on colloid properties and liquid composition, influencing phase behavior and surface enrichment.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloid Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding solvent structuring around colloidal particles is crucial for predicting macroscopic properties.
  • Binary liquid mixtures exhibit complex phase behavior influenced by temperature and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of solvent structure coarsening around colloidal particles after a temperature quench.
  • To elucidate the influence of colloid adsorption preferences and solvent composition on these dynamics.
  • To explore the behavior of Janus colloids in binary solvent mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Mesoscopic numerical simulations
  • Analytical theory
  • Phenomenological modeling

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct coarsening mechanisms based on solvent composition and colloid adsorption.
  • Identified time-dependent phase alternation near neutral colloids.
  • Demonstrated asymmetric structure formation and surface enrichment for Janus colloids, even above the critical demixing temperature.
  • Validated a model capturing experimental observations of concentration gradients induced by Janus colloids.

Conclusions:

  • Colloid-solvent interactions and solvent properties dictate solvent structure evolution.
  • Janus colloids can induce significant local ordering and phase separation in binary mixtures.
  • The findings provide insights into controlling colloidal self-assembly and phase behavior.