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Area of Science:

  • Granular physics
  • Complex systems dynamics
  • Material science

Background:

  • Flows in hoppers and silos are prone to clogging.
  • Arch formation at the exit is a primary cause of flow obstruction.
  • The mechanism of arch failure and flow reinitiation remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical mechanism behind arch failure in vibrated hoppers.
  • To explain the broad distribution of clog durations observed experimentally.
  • To model the dynamics of arch shapes leading to flow reinitiation.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional numerical simulations of granular flow in a hopper.
  • Analysis of arch shape dynamics under external vibrations.
  • Modeling arch failure as a first-passage process.

Main Results:

  • Arches in vibrated hoppers become trapped in locally stable shapes.
  • The exploration of these shapes under vibration breaks ergodicity.
  • Arch failure can be modeled as a continuous-time random walk, explaining broad unclogging time distributions.

Conclusions:

  • Arch failure in hoppers is a first-passage process governed by random walk dynamics.
  • The observed broad distribution of unclogging times arises from the dynamic exploration of stable arch shapes.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for preventing and managing blockages in granular materials.