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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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An Acute Nocardia Infection in a Pediatric Hand.

Garrett Steinmetz1, Kenton Panas1, William Puffinbarger1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|May 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nocardia brasiliensis can cause rare acute pyogenic hand infections in children. This case highlights the importance of considering Nocardia in pediatric hand abscesses that mimic common bacterial infections.

Keywords:
ActinomycetalesNocardiaprimary cutaneous nocardiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Nocardia are aerobic, gram-positive filamentous bacteria.
  • They can cause cutaneous or pulmonary infections in humans.
  • Primary cutaneous nocardiosis often presents as a pyogenic infection mimicking Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.

Observation:

  • A 17-month-old boy presented with an acute abscess on his left hand, specifically the fourth and fifth digits.
  • The clinical presentation mimicked more common bacterial infections.

Findings:

  • The abscess was diagnosed as being caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.
  • This represents a rare manifestation of acute pyogenic Nocardia infection in a pediatric hand.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need to consider Nocardia species in the differential diagnosis of pediatric hand infections.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and management of Nocardia infections.
  • Highlights the variability in clinical presentation of Nocardia infections, even in pediatric populations.