The Roles of Xenobiotic Receptors: Beyond Chemical Disposition

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Molecular Biology
• Cellular Biology

Background:

• Xenobiotic receptors, particularly CAR and PXR, are well-known regulators of drug metabolism and clearance.
• These receptors coordinate drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in response to various stimuli.
• Emerging evidence reveals their involvement in processes beyond xenobiotic metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in understanding the noncanonical functions of xenobiotic receptors.
• To focus on the roles of CAR and PXR in energy homeostasis and cancer development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent scientific publications.
• Analysis of studies investigating CAR and PXR functions.
• Synthesis of findings on noncanonical roles in physiology and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

• CAR and PXR influence energy homeostasis, including metabolism and nutrient sensing.
• These receptors play significant roles in cell proliferation, inflammation, and tissue repair.
• Evidence links CAR and PXR activity to the development and progression of cancer.

Conclusions:

• Xenobiotic receptors CAR and PXR possess critical noncanonical functions.
• Their roles extend to energy balance and cancer, impacting human health.
• Further research into these noncanonical functions is warranted for therapeutic strategies.