Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based behavioural intervention to reduce formula milk intake

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Nutrition
• Behavioral Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Rapid weight gain in formula-fed infants is a concern for long-term health.
• Early life interventions are crucial for establishing healthy growth patterns.
• Theory-based behavioral approaches can influence maternal feeding practices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate a behavioral intervention designed to prevent rapid weight gain in formula-fed infants.
• To assess the intervention's impact on infant formula intake and growth trajectories.
• To determine the intervention's efficacy up to 12 months of infant age.

Main Methods:

• A single-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 669 healthy, full-term, formula-fed infants.
• Intervention group received theory-based guidance on reducing formula intake, responsive feeding, and growth monitoring.
• Control group received attention-matched support; outcomes assessed up to 12 months.

Main Results:

• The intervention successfully reduced infant formula intake at 3-6 months and slowed initial weight gain (0-6 months).
• However, the intervention did not significantly alter the prevalence of rapid weight gain by 12 months.
• Maternal attitudes towards infant feeding recommendations were positively influenced by the intervention.

Conclusions:

• While the intervention showed promise in modifying early feeding behaviors and weight gain, it did not achieve the primary outcome of preventing rapid weight gain by 12 months.
• Sustained or modified interventions may be necessary to address the high prevalence of rapid infant weight gain.
• The findings highlight the complexity of infant weight management and the need for long-term strategies.