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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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The Nucleus01:25

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation
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Alternating Modulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Beta Oscillations during Stepping.

Petra Fischer1,2, Chiung Chu Chen3, Ya-Ju Chang4

  • 1Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom, petra.fischer@ndcn.ox.ac.uk huiling.tan@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease patients exhibit altered beta-band neural activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during stepping. Rhythmic auditory cues improved stepping regularity and enhanced STN beta modulation, suggesting potential benefits of alternating deep brain stimulation.

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseaseauditory cueingbeta modulationfreezing of gaitstepping-related STN activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gait disturbances significantly impact Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' quality of life and are often resistant to current treatments.
  • Rhythmic auditory cues have shown promise in facilitating gait and preventing motor blocks in PD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural dynamics within the human subthalamic nucleus (STN) during stepping in PD patients.
  • To determine if rhythmic auditory cues enhance observed neural modulations during stepping.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded neural activity in the STN of PD patients (14 male, 2 female) during stepping in place.
  • Analyzed oscillations in the beta band (20-30 Hz) and their modulation relative to heel strikes.
  • Assessed the effect of rhythmic auditory cues on stepping regularity and STN beta modulation.

Main Results:

  • Beta-band oscillations in the STN showed a distinct, alternating modulation pattern between the left and right STN, synchronized with the stepping cycle.
  • This beta modulation was consistent across sitting, standing, and gait conditions, validating the stepping in place paradigm.
  • Rhythmic auditory cues improved stepping regularity and were associated with increased beta modulation in the STN.

Conclusions:

  • The degree of beta power modulation in the STN is linked to stepping performance in PD patients.
  • Alternating deep brain stimulation patterns, rather than constant stimulation, may offer a superior approach for improving parkinsonian gait.
  • Further research is needed to test the efficacy of alternating stimulation patterns for gait control in PD.