Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

72.9K
Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
72.9K
Seedless Vascular Plants03:24

Seedless Vascular Plants

67.5K
Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
67.5K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.4K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.4K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

31.3K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
31.3K
Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

75.8K
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
75.8K
Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

10.9K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antenatal Pulmonary Embolism Diagnostics in Pregnant Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Community Hospitals.

TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis·2026
Same author

Guideline-Discordant Bronchiolitis Care in Community Emergency Departments.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Comparison of <i>Galleria mellonella</i>, Epithelial Cell Cytotoxicity, and Mouse Model of Bacteremia to Measure <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Virulence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Respiratory Illness-related Emergency Visits Among Children, COVID-19 and Beyond: Observing a Return to Seasonal Patterns?

The western journal of emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Strategies to Reduce Advanced Imaging in Antenatal Pulmonary Embolism Diagnostics.

JAMA network open·2025
Same author

Advanced Imaging in Suspected Antenatal Pulmonary Embolism in Community Practice: Preferences, Indeterminacy, and Clinician Response.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·2025
Same journal

The bacterial SOS response promotes the expression of the transposase encoded by IS<i>CR</i> mobile genetic elements.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Development of a gene-editing strategy to overcome genetic intractability in <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Bactofilins are essential spatial organizers of peptidoglycan insertion in the Lyme disease spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

DNA damage-associated vesicle production in <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> is mediated by the maltocin endolysin.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> aggregation reveals a requirement for both AlpA and AlpB.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same journal

Cross-regulation of amino acid synthesis and anaerobic electron transfer by MetR-mediated methionine signaling.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Detecting Cortex Fragments During Bacterial Spore Germination
08:35

Detecting Cortex Fragments During Bacterial Spore Germination

Published on: June 25, 2016

9.9K

Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination.

Travis J Kochan1, Matthew H Foley1, Michelle S Shoshiev1

  • 1University of Michigan, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Journal of Bacteriology
|May 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile spore germination is essential for infection and unique, requiring bile salts and lacking traditional germinant receptors. Further research is needed to understand its complex signaling pathways for therapeutic development.

Keywords:
Clostridium difficilegerminationspores

More Related Videos

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

40.1K
Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Detecting Cortex Fragments During Bacterial Spore Germination
08:35

Detecting Cortex Fragments During Bacterial Spore Germination

Published on: June 25, 2016

9.9K
Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

40.1K
Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile spore germination is critical for gastrointestinal tract colonization and disease development.
  • Understanding C. difficile spore germination is key to developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review unique aspects of Clostridium difficile spore germination pathways.
  • To compare C. difficile germination mechanisms with those of Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium perfringens.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and potential therapeutic targets for C. difficile infections.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of spore germination pathways.
  • Review of recent advances in C. difficile germination research.

Main Results:

  • Clostridium difficile germination is unique, lacking GerA-type receptors and requiring bile salts.
  • Significant gaps remain in understanding C. difficile germination signaling.
  • Recent advances highlight the complexity of C. difficile spore germination.

Conclusions:

  • Clostridium difficile spore germination is a complex and unique process.
  • Targeting C. difficile germination pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation into C. difficile germination signaling is warranted.