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Infant colic: mechanisms and management.

Judith Zeevenhooven¹, Pamela D Browne^2,3,4, Monique P L'Hoir⁵

¹Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. j.zeevenhooven@amc.uva.nl.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology

|May 16, 2018

Summary

Infant colic, characterized by excessive crying, lacks a clear definition and cause. Management focuses on parental support and reassurance due to limited evidence for specific treatments.

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Gastroenterology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Infant colic is a common, distressing condition with unclear etiology.
Lack of consensus exists regarding its definition, pathogenesis, and optimal management.
The Rome IV criteria (2016) are the most current diagnostic guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the definition and diagnostic criteria for infant colic.
To explore potential contributing factors to colic's pathophysiology.
To summarize current management strategies and their evidence base.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on infant colic definition, causes, and treatments.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria, particularly the Rome IV criteria.
Synthesis of evidence for various management interventions.

Main Results:

The Rome IV criteria provide a framework for diagnosing infant colic.
Potential contributing factors include neurogenic, gastrointestinal, microbial, and psychosocial elements.
Parental education and reassurance are key management components.
Limited high-quality trials hinder strong recommendations for specific therapies.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical history and examination, excluding alarm symptoms.
Comprehensive management involves parental support and tailored interventions.
Further high-quality research is needed to establish evidence-based treatments for infant colic.