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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.3K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.3K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

7.2K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
7.2K
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

3.9K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.9K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.2K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.2K
Joints01:26

Joints

35.8K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
35.8K
Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

1.3K
The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
1.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
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Gastrocnemius Myocutaneous Flaps for Knee Joint Coverage.

Alice Mayoly, Jean-Camille Mattei, Pierre Moullot

    Annals of Plastic Surgery
    |May 16, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flaps (MCFs) offer reliable and easy soft tissue coverage for knee joint defects. This technique provides robust coverage and good skin resurfacing, facilitating easier revisions and early radiotherapy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reconstructive surgery
    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Plastic surgery

    Background:

    • Gastrocnemius muscular flaps are effective for knee joint coverage but may be insufficient for large defects.
    • Perforator fasciocutaneous flaps offer good skin-to-skin coverage but can be challenging to harvest.
    • Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flaps (MCFs) combine advantages of muscular and fasciocutaneous flaps for knee coverage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of gastrocnemius myocutaneous flaps (MCFs) for knee joint coverage.
    • To assess the reliability, harvesting ease, and reconstructive potential of MCFs.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of patients undergoing knee joint coverage with lateral or medial gastrocnemius MCFs.
    • Inclusion criteria: patients treated between January 2012 and February 2017.
    • Data collected on flap type, defect indication, and postoperative outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Sixteen gastrocnemius MCFs (10 medial, 6 lateral) were performed for post-traumatic, post-tumoral, and prosthesis exposure defects.
    • Complete healing achieved in all cases within 15 days.
    • Flaps allowed for secondary procedures and postoperative radiotherapy without complications.

    Conclusions:

    • Gastrocnemius MCFs are reliable, easy to harvest, and provide robust knee joint coverage with good skin resurfacing.
    • The technique facilitates easier revisions, early radiotherapy, and increased flap area.
    • MCFs should be considered a valuable alternative for knee area coverage.