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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester
07:00

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester

Published on: June 4, 2019

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Overarching Immunodominance Patterns and Substantial Diversity in Specificity and Functionality in the Circulating

Katherine A Richards1, John J Treanor2, Jennifer L Nayak1,3

  • 1David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|May 16, 2018
PubMed

There is limited information on the antigen specificity and functional potential of the influenza virus-specific CD4+ T-cell repertoire in humans. Here, enzyme-linked immunospot assays were used to examine circulating CD4+ T-cell specificities for influenza virus directly ex vivo in healthy adults. Our studies revealed CD4+ T-cell reactivity to multiple influenza virus proteins, including hemagglutinins, neuraminidases, M1 proteins, and nucleoproteins. Unexpectedly, the immunodominance hierarchies and functional potential of cells reactive toward influenza A virus were distinct from those toward influenza B virus. We also identified influenza virus-specific cells producing granzyme B. Our findings revealed individual and virus-specific patterns that may differentially poise humans to respond to infection or vaccination.

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