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Procainamide in vivo modulates suppressor T lymphocyte activity.

B J Green¹, D G Wyse, H J Duff

¹Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta.

Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique Et Experimentale

|December 1, 1988

Summary

Procainamide treatment rapidly decreases immune suppressor cell activity in patients. This effect is dose-dependent, suggesting a potential mechanism for procainamide-induced autoimmune syndromes.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Procainamide is associated with autoantibody formation and a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like syndrome in patients.
In vitro studies suggest procainamide may inhibit suppressor T cell activity, but in vivo mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vivo effects of procainamide on immune function, specifically suppressor T cell activity.

Main Methods:

Studied immune function in 18 patients receiving a two-hour procainamide infusion during electrophysiologic studies.
Assessed T and B cell mitogenesis and immunoglobulin secretion pre- and post-infusion.
Measured Concanavalin A-inducible suppressor cell activity.

Main Results:

No significant changes in T and B cell mitogenesis or immunoglobulin secretion were observed.

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Seventeen of eighteen patients showed a marked decrease in Concanavalin A-inducible suppressor cell activity.

The reduction in suppressor cell activity was dose-dependent, with higher doses showing less activity.

Conclusions:

Procainamide administration in vivo rapidly decreases suppressor cell activity.
This effect is dose-dependent, providing a potential explanation for procainamide-induced immune dysregulation and associated syndromes.