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Updated: Feb 10, 2026
08:07
A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
Published on: January 11, 2018
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Histological Alterations from Condyle Repositioning with Functional Appliances in Rats
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
|May 16, 2018
Summary
Functional appliance therapy in rats induced condyle changes, including increased cell proliferation and matrix formation, indicating adaptive cellular responses. These morphological and histological alterations suggest a role in condylar remodeling during mandibular repositioning.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Craniofacial biology
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Functional appliances are used in orthodontics to modify mandibular growth.
- Understanding condylar response to functional appliances is crucial for treatment efficacy.
- Previous studies have shown condylar changes, but detailed histological analysis is often limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the morphological and histological effects of forward mandibular repositioning using functional appliances on rat condyles.
- To analyze cellular and matrix changes within the condyle during and after treatment.
Main Methods:
- Rats were treated with functional appliances for mandibular repositioning.
- Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used for morphological analysis.
- Immunohistochemistry assessed proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Aggrecan, Type II collagen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.
Main Results:
- Forward condylar positioning was confirmed but showed a gradual return to normal by day 14.
- Increased PCNA-positive cells in the posterior condyle and decreased in the anterior region were observed.
- Elevated Aggrecan and Type II collagen in the posterior condyle, with decreased levels in the anterior region by day 14.
- Sustained increase in IL-1β and VEGF localization in both regions; MMPs were present throughout.
- TRAP-positive cells (osteoclast activity) significantly increased on days 3 and 7.
Conclusions:
- Functional appliance therapy induces significant morphological and histological changes in rat condyles.
- Adaptive cellular functions, including chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage matrix formation, are stimulated.
- These findings highlight the dynamic remodeling processes occurring in the condyle during orthodontic treatment.
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