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The impact of methamphetamines in patients with traumatic brain injury, a retrospective review

Jason Duong1, Christopher Elia1, Ariel Takayanagi2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, United States.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|May 16, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Methamphetamine (METH) users with traumatic brain injury (TBI) showed improved Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. This study suggests METH may have neuroprotective effects in TBI patients, contrary to expectations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (METH) exhibits both neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties.
  • Limited research exists on METH's impact on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.
  • Understanding METH's role in TBI is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes in TBI patients who use METH versus those who do not.
  • To investigate potential neuroprotective effects of METH in the context of TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 304 severe traumatic head injury patients.
  • Stratification based on toxicology screening for METH (24 positive, 60 negative).
  • Evaluation of demographics, injury type, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Main Results:

  • METH users were younger (43.5 vs. 55.8 years, p=0.003).
  • METH users demonstrated greater improvement in GCS and GOS (p=0.012, p=0.0001).
  • No significant differences in hospital stay or initial/discharge GCS/GOS scores were observed.

Conclusions:

  • TBI patients positive for METH showed enhanced GCS and GOS changes.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, METH-positive patients did not exhibit worse outcomes.
  • Further research is warranted to explore METH's potential neuroprotective role in TBI.
Keywords:
AmphetaminesMethamphetaminesTBITraumatic brain injury

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