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Cochlear Implant Electrode Array From Partial to Full Insertion in Non-Human Primate Model.

Raquel Manrique-Huarte1, Diego Calavia1, Maria Antonia Gallego1

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Summary
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This study shows that a two-stage cochlear electrode insertion is feasible in animals, with hearing preservation possible in both partial and full insertion groups. Minimal threshold changes were observed, with no significant differences between the two surgical approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation aims to restore hearing in cases of severe to profound hearing loss.
  • Progressive electrode insertion techniques are being explored to optimize outcomes and minimize trauma.
  • The Macaca fascicularis (MF) model offers a suitable platform for evaluating cochlear implant surgical feasibility and functional outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of a two-stage (partial to full) electrode array insertion in the MF cochlea.
  • To compare auditory functional outcomes between partial insertion (PI) and full insertion (FI) groups.
  • To evaluate hearing preservation following progressive cochlear electrode implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Eight normal-hearing Macaca fascicularis (MF) underwent electrode array insertion.
  • A 14-contact electrode array was partially inserted (PI) in 16 ears, with revision surgery for full insertion (FI) in 8 ears after 3 months.
  • Radiological examination and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing were conducted monthly for 6 months, analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • The two-stage surgical procedure was successfully completed without complications in all animals.
  • Mean auditory threshold shift after 6 months was 19 dB for PI and 27 dB for FI.
  • While the full insertion group showed increased thresholds at high frequencies post-revision, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between PI and FI groups.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive insertion of a cochlear electrode array, from partial to full, is feasible in the MF model.
  • Both partial and full insertion techniques allow for hearing preservation.
  • A slight threshold deterioration was noted in the full insertion group, particularly at high frequencies, though not statistically significant.