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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.1K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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4.8K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.1K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.1K
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

54.3K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
54.3K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
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Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

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The complex relationship between TFEB transcription factor phosphorylation and subcellular localization.

Rosa Puertollano1, Shawn M Ferguson2,3, James Brugarolas4,5

  • 1Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA puertolr@nhlbi.nih.gov shawn.ferguson@yale.edu James.Brugarolas@utsouthwestern.edu ballabio@tigem.it.

The EMBO Journal
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The MiT-TFE family of transcription factors regulates cell functions like autophagy. Their activity is controlled by phosphorylation, linking cell stress and metabolism to lysosome function.

Keywords:
TFEBautophagylysosomemTORnucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Mi-TFE transcription factor family (TFEB, TFE3, TFEC, MITF) are key regulators of cellular processes.
  • Initially identified as oncogenes, they are now recognized for their roles in lysosome biogenesis, energy balance, and autophagy.
  • Their function is tightly controlled by dynamic changes in subcellular localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms of Mi-TFE transcription factors, focusing on phosphorylation.
  • To elucidate how phosphorylation controls Mi-TFE localization and function in response to cellular signals.
  • To highlight the importance of these regulatory mechanisms in cellular homeostasis and disease.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on Mi-TFE transcription factors.
  • It examines the role of kinases (mTOR, ERK, GSK3, AKT) and phosphatases (calcineurin) in regulating Mi-TFE phosphorylation.
  • Evidence for phosphorylation at multiple key sites influencing subcellular localization is summarized.

Main Results:

  • Mi-TFE proteins shuttle between lysosomes, cytoplasm, and nucleus in response to nutrient availability and cell stress.
  • Phosphorylation by specific kinases and dephosphorylation by calcineurin mediate these localization changes.
  • These post-translational modifications link lysosome function to the cell's metabolic state and demands.

Conclusions:

  • Mi-TFE regulation by phosphorylation is a critical mechanism coordinating cellular metabolism, lysosome function, and stress responses.
  • Understanding these phosphorylation-dependent regulatory networks is crucial for comprehending Mi-TFE roles in health and disease.
  • Further research into these pathways may reveal therapeutic targets for diseases involving lysosomal dysfunction or altered cellular metabolism.