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Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

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The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

Three-Compartment Open Model

939
The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
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Two-Compartment Open Model: Overview01:05

Two-Compartment Open Model: Overview

579
Multicompartmental models are crucial tools in pharmacokinetics, providing a framework to understand how drugs move within the body. The two-compartment model is a crucial subtype, segmenting the body into central and peripheral compartments. The central compartment represents areas with high blood flow, such as plasma and highly perfused organs like the kidneys and liver, while the peripheral compartment signifies tissues with lower blood flow, like adipose tissue and muscle tissue.
The...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
05:12

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome

Published on: September 19, 2019

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Lower extremity compartment syndrome.

Jennifer Cone1, Kenji Inaba1

  • 1Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower extremity compartment syndrome requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent limb loss. Early fasciotomy is crucial for the best outcomes in this serious condition.

Keywords:
compartment syndromelower extremitylower extremity trauma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Lower extremity compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency.
  • Delayed diagnosis leads to severe complications, including limb salvage issues.
  • Classic symptoms often present late, making early recognition challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of lower extremity compartment syndrome.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria and treatment urgency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic methods for compartment syndrome.
  • Discussion of the accepted surgical intervention and its timing.

Main Results:

  • Compartment syndrome diagnosis relies on specific pressure measurements (absolute >30 mm Hg or differential <30 mm Hg).
  • Fasciotomy is the definitive treatment for compartment syndrome.
  • Timely intervention significantly improves patient outcomes and limb salvage rates.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and intervention are paramount in managing lower extremity compartment syndrome.
  • Compartment pressure monitoring should be performed with any suspicion of the condition.
  • Prompt fasciotomy is essential to save the patient's life and salvage the limb.