Mycotoxins and the intestine.

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Animal Nutrition
• Toxicology

Background:

• Fungal secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, are prevalent contaminants in animal feed.
• Mycotoxins exert detrimental effects on animal health, primarily through intestinal disruption.
• These effects pose a significant challenge to animal welfare and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of mycotoxins on animal intestinal health.
• To highlight the mechanisms by which mycotoxins compromise the intestinal environment.
• To underscore the consequences of mycotoxin exposure on animal productivity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on mycotoxin effects in animals.
• Analysis of reported impacts on intestinal cell viability, microbial populations, and immune responses.
• Synthesis of findings regarding nutrient absorption and productivity.

Main Results:

• Mycotoxins decrease intestinal cell viability and beneficial bacteria populations.
• Reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations are observed.
• Increased inflammation and oxidative stress markers are associated with mycotoxin exposure.

Conclusions:

• Mycotoxin contamination poses a significant threat to animal intestinal health and immune function.
• Compromised intestinal health leads to impaired nutrient digestion and absorption.
• Addressing mycotoxin challenges is crucial for improving animal productivity and welfare.