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What are Estimates?01:06

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It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals
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Comparative methane estimation from cattle based on total CO2 production using different techniques.

Md N Haque1, Hanne H Hansen1, Ida M L D Storm1

  • 1Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.

Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou Yi Xue Hui)
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate methane (CH4) estimation in cattle is crucial. This study found that calculating carbon dioxide (CO2) using the CO2 method (CO2T) provides precise CH4 estimates comparable to direct CO2 measurement (CO2R) in respiration chambers.

Keywords:
Carbon dioxideMeasurementMethanePrecisionRespiration chamber

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from livestock is vital for environmental impact assessments and mitigation strategies.
  • Traditional methods for estimating CH4 often rely on indirect measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the precision of methane (CH4) estimates derived from calculated CO2 (CO2T) versus measured CO2 (CO2R) in respiration chambers.
  • To validate the CO2T method for CH4 estimation in cattle.

Main Methods:

  • A 3x3 Latin square design was employed with 3 Dexter heifers (average BW 226 ± 11 kg).
  • Heifers were fed a total mixed ration with one of three supplements: wheat (W), molasses (M), or molasses with sodium bicarbonate (Mbic).
  • Measurements were conducted over 3 periods, each including 2 weeks of adaptation and 1 week of measurement using both CO2R and CO2T.

Main Results:

  • Daily CH4 emissions (L/day) showed a strong correlation (r = 0.78) between CO2T and CO2R.
  • CH4 emissions per unit of dry matter intake (DMI; L/kg DMI) were comparable between CO2T and CO2R.
  • There was no significant difference in measured CO2 production (L/day) between the respiration chamber (CO2R) and the calculated CO2 production using the CO2T method (P = 0.39).

Conclusions:

  • The CO2T method offers reasonable accuracy and precision for estimating CH4 emissions in cattle.
  • This finding supports the use of CO2T as a reliable alternative for CH4 estimation, potentially simplifying measurement protocols.