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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Robotics and Dynamic Image Analysis for Studies of Gene Expression in Plant Tissues
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Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Plants.

Mark Arick1, Chuan-Yu Hsu2

  • 1Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA. maa146@igbb.msstate.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in plant research faces challenges. This study presents a modified hot borate RNA extraction protocol for high-quality plant RNA, improving transcriptomic analysis.

Keywords:
Differential gene expression analysisHot borateIlluminaRNA-SeqTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics and transcriptomics
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications
  • Molecular biology techniques

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used in life sciences.
  • Plant research using NGS faces unique challenges in sample preparation and data analysis due to plant-specific characteristics.
  • Standard protocols may not be optimal for isolating high-quality RNA from plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address challenges in plant transcriptomic analysis using NGS.
  • To present a modified hot borate RNA extraction protocol for plants.
  • To provide suggestions for improving RNA and library quality assessment and data analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a modified hot borate RNA extraction protocol.
  • Standard protocols for high-throughput transcriptomic analysis.
  • Quality assessment of RNA and cDNA libraries.
  • Data analysis strategies for plant transcriptomics.

Main Results:

  • The modified hot borate RNA extraction protocol yields high-quality and high-quantity total RNA from plants.
  • The protocol facilitates improved downstream transcriptomic analyses.
  • Key suggestions are provided for RNA/library validation and data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The modified hot borate RNA extraction protocol is effective for plant total RNA isolation.
  • Optimized protocols and analysis strategies are crucial for successful plant NGS studies.
  • This work contributes to advancing plant transcriptomic research using NGS technology.