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Early communication delays in infants are key indicators for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tracked language and gesture development in high-risk infants, finding varied trajectories and links to later ASD diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Early communication impairment is a primary concern for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Understanding early language and gesture development is crucial for identifying infants at high risk for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct trajectory groups for early language and gesture acquisition in infants.
  • To examine the association between early developmental skills, behavioral symptoms, and communication trajectories in high-risk infants.
  • To determine the relationship between communication trajectories and later clinical and developmental outcomes, including ASD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a parent-report questionnaire to track language and gesture acquisition in infants during their first two years.
  • Analyzed data from siblings at high risk for ASD and a low-risk control group.
  • Correlated early developmental skills (6 months) and behavioral symptoms with communication trajectory groups.

Main Results:

  • Developmental skills at 6 months predicted receptive language and gesture acquisition trajectories.
  • Behavioral symptoms were associated with gesture development.
  • Infants later diagnosed with ASD, especially those with language delay, showed the slowest language and gesture acquisition.
  • All communication measures strongly correlated with clinical and developmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variability exists in communication development among high-risk infants.
  • Early communication trajectories provide valuable insights into developmental pathways in infants at risk for ASD.
  • Identifying specific communication patterns can aid in early identification and intervention for ASD.