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Related Concept Videos

Social Scripts02:10

Social Scripts

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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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Social Proof00:52

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Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Social Facilitation01:04

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Social Loafing01:37

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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
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Social Exchange Theory02:06

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
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[Run the risk: social disadvantage or capability?]

Luz Adriana Muñoz-Duque1

  • 1Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Cadernos De Saude Publica
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Risk can stem from social disadvantages limiting capabilities or arise from freely accepted choices aligned with a good life. This framework applies to public health decisions and risk acceptability.

Area of Science:

  • Social Justice
  • Public Health Ethics
  • Capability Approach

Background:

  • Traditional risk assessment often overlooks social justice dimensions.
  • Amartya Sen's capability approach offers a framework to analyze risk and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine risk and risk acceptability through a social justice lens.
  • To apply the capability approach to understand how risks affect individuals' freedoms and opportunities.
  • To explore the implications for public health policy and decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis integrating social justice theory and the capability approach.
  • Examination of risk as both a constraint on capabilities and an expression of agency.
  • Discussion of risk acceptability in relation to personal values and the pursuit of a good life.

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Main Results:

  • Risk can represent restrictions on capabilities due to social disadvantages.
  • Conversely, risk can be an expression of agency when freely accepted and aligned with personal conceptions of a good life.
  • The exercise of freedom in accepting risk is contingent on the development of agency and the pursuit of well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Risk and risk acceptability are deeply intertwined with social justice and individual capabilities.
  • Public health must consider the capability-enhancing or -restricting nature of risks.
  • Ethical frameworks for public health should incorporate a nuanced understanding of agency and freedom in risk acceptance.