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Related Concept Videos

Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game01:24

Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game

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The development of self in children is deeply rooted in social interactions, mainly through stages of play and structured games. These stages, outlined by sociologist George Herbert Mead, illustrate how children progressively learn to understand and adopt social roles, forming a cohesive sense of self.The Play Stage: Imitation and Simple Role-TakingIn the early years of childhood, the play stage is characterized by imitative behavior, where children engage in role-playing based on familiar...
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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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The Nucleosome02:33

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Social Facilitation01:04

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Robbers Cave04:49

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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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Playing the Melanoma Endgame.

Jessica L F Teh1, Andrew E Aplin2,3

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This study explores new preclinical strategies to overcome resistance in melanoma treatments, aiming to improve outcomes for more patients receiving targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Current melanoma treatments, including targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, benefit only a portion of patients.
  • Acquired resistance frequently limits the long-term effectiveness of these melanoma therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present preclinical evidence for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • To broadly target various forms of therapy-resistant melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical models of melanoma.
  • Evaluation of novel therapeutic targets and combinations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of potential targets for overcoming treatment resistance.
  • Demonstration of efficacy in preclinical models of resistant melanoma.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide a preclinical foundation for developing new treatments.
  • These strategies may offer broader applicability to patients with resistant melanoma.