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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

2.0K
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord
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Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: May 25, 2010

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Dissecting spinal cord regeneration.

Michael V Sofroniew1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. sofroniew@mednet.ucla.edu.

Nature
|May 18, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal cord injury recovery remains challenging due to limited neural regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration failure and success is key to advancing treatments for spinal cord injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Spinal Cord Injury Research

Background:

  • Functional deficits after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) are a long-standing clinical challenge.
  • Despite decades of research, achieving significant neural regeneration and functional recovery in SCI has been slow and controversial.
  • Previous interventions have faced setbacks, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of regeneration processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine advances and setbacks in spinal cord regeneration research.
  • To analyze underlying assumptions in current therapeutic approaches for SCI.
  • To propose a path forward by expanding mechanistic knowledge of neural regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review and critical analysis of existing literature on spinal cord regeneration.
  • Examination of conceptual advances and reported interventions in SCI research.
  • Evaluation of the mechanistic basis for regeneration failure and success.

Main Results:

  • Identified persistent challenges and controversies in the field of spinal cord regeneration.
  • Highlighted the limitations of current approaches based on flawed assumptions.
  • Emphasized the need for a more comprehensive understanding of regeneration biology.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing SCI recovery requires a deeper mechanistic understanding of neural regeneration.
  • Resolving conceptual contentions hinges on elucidating why regeneration fails and how it can be restored.
  • Future progress depends on integrating knowledge across different forms of neural regeneration.