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Continuous Knee Cooling Affects Functional Hop Performance - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Bruno Tassignon1, Ben Serrien2, Kevin De Pauw1

  • 1Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

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PubMed
Summary

Continuous knee cooling at 18°C for one hour did not impact hop performance, but 10°C cooling significantly decreased performance and muscle activity. Temperature affects neuromuscular function and athletic recovery.

Keywords:
Cryotherapyelectromyographyfunctional performancehop testneuromuscular activity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Cryotherapy is a common practice in sports and rehabilitation for recovery and injury management.
  • Understanding the effects of specific cooling protocols on neuromuscular function and performance is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of two continuous knee cooling protocols (10°C vs. 18°C for one hour) on neuromuscular activity and functional performance.
  • To determine if lower temperatures during cryotherapy lead to significant changes in muscle activation and athletic capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled study involving 20 healthy males, divided into 10°C and 18°C cooling groups.
  • Functional tests including maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction (MVC), single leg hop for distance (SLHD), and crossover hop for time (COHT) were performed before and after cooling.
  • Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess neuromuscular activity, measuring amplitude and frequency during MVC.

Main Results:

  • The 10°C cooling group exhibited significant decreases in SLHD and COHT performance and a reduction in EMG frequency during MVC.
  • The 18°C cooling group showed no significant changes in hop performance, although EMG frequency during MVC decreased.
  • EMG amplitude remained unaffected in both groups, suggesting temperature-related changes at the muscle level may not always impair functional output.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous knee cooling at 18°C for one hour does not negatively affect functional hop performance, despite observable muscle-level adaptations (decreased EMG frequency).
  • A 10°C continuous knee cooling protocol for one hour significantly impairs functional hop performance and reduces EMG frequency, indicating a more pronounced effect at lower temperatures.
  • These findings suggest that while cryotherapy can alter neuromuscular function, the impact on functional performance is temperature-dependent and may not always be detrimental.