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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Fischer Projections02:18

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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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Evaluation of the Enhanced Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance System (eIPDSS) Pilot Project.

S Wijayasri1,2, Y A Li2, S G Squires2

  • 1University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, SK.

Canada Communicable Disease Report = Releve Des Maladies Transmissibles Au Canada
|May 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The enhanced Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance System (eIPDSS) pilot effectively links epidemiologic and laboratory data, improving understanding of invasive pneumococcal disease trends. Recommendations focus on enhancing data quality for a robust national surveillance system.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presents a significant public health challenge in Canada, with difficulties in interpreting current trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
  • The enhanced Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance System (eIPDSS) pilot project aimed to improve national-level understanding of IPD trends by integrating epidemiologic and laboratory (epi-lab) data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the eIPDSS pilot project based on five key attributes: usefulness, data quality, simplicity, acceptability, and timeliness.
  • To develop recommendations for the future implementation of a national IPD surveillance system.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted, utilizing a qualitative survey distributed to eight eIPDSS users and a quantitative analysis of the eIPDSS database.
  • Recommendations were formulated based on the findings from both the user survey and the database analysis.

Main Results:

  • The survey achieved a 100% response rate, with the majority of users finding the eIPDSS useful (75%), simple (100%), and acceptable (86%).
  • Quantitative analysis indicated that most IPD cases (61%) were assessed as timely, but data quality and management issues were identified by both users and the analysis.
  • Recommended improvements include public health consultation, regular audits, and platform upgrades to address identified data quality and management concerns.

Conclusions:

  • The eIPDSS, through its linked epi-lab data, successfully enables the detection and analysis of IPD serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance trends.
  • The web-based system is characterized by its simplicity, acceptability, and timeliness in data collection.
  • It is feasible to establish a national surveillance system that links epi-lab data, provided that data quality and management issues are addressed through planned improvements.